济南市中老年居民骨质疏松预防相关知识调查及影响因素分析

目的了解济南市中老年居民骨质疏松预防相关知识认知水平及其影响因素,为制定切合实际的干预方案提供科学依据。方法采用问卷对本地40岁以上的常住居民(居住时间半年以上)进行问卷调查。结果本地中老年居民骨质疏松相关知识总得分为(9.80±4.24)分,条目平均分的总体水平为(0.45±0.19)分;年龄段、婚姻状态、文化程度、经济状况、工作情况、医疗保险种类和体重指数不同分组的中老年居民预防相关知识认知水平不同,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,文化程度、工作情况和婚姻状态是骨质疏松预防相关知识认知水平的影响因素。结论疾控或健康教育工作者需要以骨质疏松基础知识、危险因素、治疗和随访、钙摄入以及运动等方面的知识或技能为重点,采用专家讲座、发材料和社区展板等方式面向中老年居民持续加强骨质疏松预防相关知识的普及;宣教时要注重文化程度较低、待业或失业和不在婚这几类中老年居民。     

重庆青少年青春期身心健康知信行与生活质量的关系

探讨青春期知信行在青春期阶段影响青少年生活质量过程中的调节作用,为制定改善青少年生活质量的措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样,抽取重庆市2个区县6 746名中小学生,采用青春期发育量表(PDS)和基本情况调查表、青少年生活质量量表进行调查.结果 青春期早期、中期和后期的青少年生理、心理维度及总生活质量得分低于青春期前青少年(P值均<0.05);青春期中期(B=-1.10)和后期(B=-2.88)的青少年社会维度得分低于青春期前青少年;但青春期阶段对青少年青春期维度生活质量的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05).青春期知信行与青少年心理、社会、青春期维度和总生活质量呈正相关(B值分别为0.02,0.04,0.04,0.09,P值均<0.01),但对生理维度的影响无统计学意义(P=0.06).交互作用分析显示,青春期知信行在青春期阶段对社会维度(B=0.03)和总生活质量(B=0.06)影响过程中起调节作用(P值均<0.05),但对心理维度无调节作用(P>0.05).结论 加强青少年青春期健康教育是提高和改善青少年生活质量的关键.     

Use,Awareness, Knowledge and Beliefs of Medication During Pregnancy in Malaysia

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess medication use in pregnant women in Malaysia by measuring use, knowledge, awareness, and beliefs about medications.MethodsThis was an observational, cross-sectional study involving a total of 447 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Malaysia. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participant data.ResultsMost of pregnant women had taken medication during pregnancy and more than half of them (52.8%) showed a poor level of knowledge about the medication use during pregnancy. Eighty-three percent had a poor level of awareness and 56.5% had negative beliefs. Age and education level were significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding medication use during pregnancy. Multiparous pregnant women, and pregnant women from rural areas were observed to have a higher level of awareness compared with those who lived in urban areas. Use of medication during pregnancy was determined to be significantly associated with education level, and race.ConclusionAlthough there was prevalent use of medication among pregnant women, many had negative beliefs, and insufficient knowledge and awareness about the risks of taking medication during pregnancy. Several sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with the use (race and education level), level of knowledge (age and education level), awareness (parity and place of residence), and beliefs (race, education level, and occupation status) towards medication use during pregnancy.     

上海市长宁区外来务工人员艾滋病知识知晓情况和对艾滋病患者态度调查

目的 了解长宁区外来务工人员对艾滋病知识知晓情况和对艾滋病患者的态度,为有效地在城市外来务工人员中开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法 随机抽取长宁区一个建筑工地,所有务工人员作为调查对象。采用匿名自填的方式,进行问卷调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、艾滋病防治核心知识、对艾滋病患者的态度以及国家有关政策的了解。结果 艾滋病核心知识总体知晓率为61.40%,知晓程度较高的人群为男性(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.73~4.93)、“有配偶/性伴”(OR=3.19,95%CI:2.08~4.90)、“四川户籍”(与“浙江户籍”相比,OR=2.03,95%CI:1.14~3.59),知晓程度较低的人群为“31~岁”年龄组(与“51~岁”年龄组相比,OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23~0.97)、文化程度为“小学及以下”和“初中”的人群(与“高中及以上”文化程度相比,OR_{小学及以下}=0.50,95%CI:0.27~0.91;OR_初中=0.36,95%CI:0.21~0.61)。对艾滋病的经性、血液、共用针具和母婴主要传播途径知晓率较高,分别为81.16%,88.02%,80.35%和68.49%;对“蚊虫叮咬”、“共用牙刷、剃须刀”,“一起吃饭”和“共用游泳池、浴缸”等与日常生活关系密切的非传播途径存在一定误区,回答正确率分别为30.81%,51.05%,59.77%和43.95%。对艾滋病患者的歧视现象普遍存在,55.70%的对象不愿意和艾滋病患者继续交往,62.33%的对象对艾滋病患者感到恐惧,不同知识知晓程度对患者的歧视程度不同(P＜0.05)。结论 外来务工人员对艾滋病防治知识的知晓程度较低,尤其对日常生活接触的非传播途径;对艾滋病患者存在一定程度的歧视。应结合外来务工人员特点,开展针对性宣传,提高知晓率,降低歧视。     

Examining Oral Health Education for Nondental Providers

Poor oral health affects overall health and creates a financial burden for society. Education of prospective nondental providers to perform oral health prevention practices could improve early detection of oral health illnesses, making oral health care more accessible and affordable for patients. This literature review examined oral health knowledge and skills, along with oral health education among nondental providers.     

泰州市居民健康知识与行为素养水平分离情况的分析

目的 分析健康知识与健康行为相分离的影响因素,为制订科学的健康干预措施提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样及统一的调查问卷,于2013年9 ～10月对15～ 69周岁居民进行健康素养监测现场调查.结果 共调查了3 975人,有效样本数3 809份,样本回收率95.8％,其中筛选出知行分离768人(21.16％),知行统一241人(6.32％),单因素分析显示,知行分离比例在不同地区、学历、职业及具备不同纬度健康素养水平的人群分布中差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,综合健康素养水平、传染病预防素养水平、慢性病预防素养水平、基本医疗素养水平为影响知行分离的主要影响因素.结论 知行分离现象在各类人群中普遍存在,健康素养水平的提高对人群知行分离的减少具有重要作用,将健康素养作为健康教育与健康促进工作的重点是有效的,也是非常必要的.     

Integrating family planning and HIV services in western Kenya: the impact on HIV-infected patients’ knowledge of family planning and male attitudes toward family planning

Little information exists on the impact of integrating family planning (FP) services into HIV care and treatment on patients’ familiarity with and attitudes toward FP. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in 18 public HIV clinics with 12 randomized to integrated FP and HIV services and 6 to the standard referral-based system where patients are referred to an FP clinic. Serial cross-sectional surveys were done before (n = 488 women, 486 men) and after (n = 479 women, 481 men) the intervention to compare changes in familiarity with FP methods and attitudes toward FP between integrated and nonintegrated (NI) sites. We created an FP familiarity score based on the number of more effective FP methods patients could identify (score range: 0–6). Generalized estimating equations were used to control for clustering within sites. An increase in mean familiarity score between baseline (mean = 5.16) and post-intervention (mean = 5.46) occurred with an overall mean change of 0.26 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.09, 0.45; p = 0.003) across all sites. At end line, there was no difference in increase of mean FP familiarity scores at intervention versus control sites (mean = 5.41 vs. 5.49, p = 0.94). We observed a relative decrease in the proportion of males agreeing that FP was “women’s business” at integrated sites (baseline 42% to end line 30%; reduction of 12%) compared to males at NI sites (baseline 35% to end line 42%; increase of 7%; adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.85). Following FP–HIV integration, familiarity with FP methods increased but did not differ by study arm. Integration was associated with a decrease in negative attitudes toward FP among men.     

基于图书馆知识资本循环系统支持的隐性知识转移机制研究

概述知识资本理论的主要观点；分析图书馆知识资本构成、循环的特点；构建图书馆知识资本循环系统知识转移模型和隐性知识转移机制模型；对图书馆知识资本内部结构和外部结构及其对应的内循环和外循环机制进行分析；揭示了图书馆隐性知识转移机制是系统综合机制。